AFIS
Q - What is AFIS ?
In this blog post we will find the answer of this question but first...some basic concepts.
The fingerprint science establish the identification of an individual as well as
show the physical presence of a person at the crime scene. Fingerprints science
play an importance part in the conviction of an offender. The science based on
the fact that every single person have an unique set of fingerprints patterns .
Even the twins having the same DNA structure but different fingerprints patterns.
Ten print or ten print slip - In fingerprint science the ten print means the fingerprints
from all 10 fingers of a person.
Ten print slip means the 10 fingerprints of a person in a prescribed per forma collect
on a sheet of paper. It has the rolled and plain fingerprints of an individual.
In AFIS this slip is electronically generated by "live-scan" devices.
Back to our question and the answer is -
AFIS definition is Automated Fingerprint Identification System
AFIS is used for automated fingerprint identification by using a computer based system to match the
fingerprint of a person against the data stored in the AFIS system. The AFIS system acquire ,
process, match , sort and store the digital fingerprints (Ten print) , palm print , chance prints
(fingerprints found at scene of crime) and other demographic data from ten print slips (by scanning
of slips) and through live image scan. This system is primarily adopted by law enforcement agencies
and it identifies the person or accused only by fingerprints verification.
AFIS also used in civil identifications to check on multiple data storage/enroll in
any welfare schemes , driver licensing , election electoral system in some countries.
Lets discuss the advantages of AFIS over manual working in fingerprint science -
1) Firstly it solve the problem of storage as manual storage required more space.
2) The system search latent print (found at crime scene) against ten print data records in the AFIS system.
3) The law information agencies now get quickly access to all information regarding involvement of criminals.
4) The system conducted fast searching of queries .
5) Manual labor reduced.
Q - What the system actually provide ?
Ans -
Its provide ten print to ten print search
Its provide latent print to ten print search
Its provide ten print to latent print search
Its provide latent to latent print search.
Q - How does AFIS work ?
Or
How AFIS algorithm work ?
Ans - The critical issue of the system is
Algorithm accuracy
Speed of print matching
Firmness to poor image quality.
Some developer's of AFIS used custom hardware and some want to increase matching speed and output, so they used software.
As a general condition, two layer search is essential in which first layer check fingerprints characteristics and the second layer is minutia matcher.
1) Image enhancement algorithm - It check the quality of ten print images and of latent fingerprints.
2) Feature extraction algorithm - It identify the ridge endings and bifurcations (minutiae) in a fingerprint.
3) Indexing - It automatically done the indexing of prints result in reducing time taken by the system for processing and completeness. Indexing actually limits the volume of storage data.
4) Matching algorithm - Its design and choice employed by AFIS and the operator's of AFIS. Matching algorithm impact the number of matches .
Conclusion -
AFIS is automated not automatic so the success of print matching depends upon some factors
AFIS is automated not automatic so the success of print matching depends upon some factors
The clarity of fingerprints images.
Degree of enchantment between search and database print.
The responsibility of final evaluation is on the shoulder of fingerprint expert.
The enhancement of AFIS - Automated Fingerprint Identification System system is also on progress and some bio-metrics such as facial recognition, iris recognition also introduced in this system. Further enhancement is going on.
MR. DEEPAK PAWAR has been working as Finger Print Expert / Police Officer in Finger Print Bureau , Delhi Police at New Delhi since 2001 . He is the senior most Finger Print Expert , attending / visited several scene of crime and solved many crime cases .He has passed M.Sc (Chemistry) and he is the Member of International Association of Identification . He is the Member of Delhi Police welfare association . He is supervising the Forensic , New Delhi District , Mobile Crime Team . He is one of the Expert in the Special Investigation Team held for investigation of important cases . He has been giving fingerprint proficient training to Delhi Police personnel's . He has been Presented / giving lectures on topics related to forensic science . He is also making examination paper of Finger Print proficient course . He is awarded with Police Medal by MHA and Delhi Police.